Last summer we had the chance to meet up with GM powertrain researcher Paul Najt and drive GM's prototype HCCI engines. Homegeneous charge compression ignition engines basically take some of the technical concepts behind diesel engines and combine it with a gasoline engine. The result is a new power system that achieves most of the benefit of diesel efficiency without the problems of soot and NOx emissions. As features like variable valve timing, direct fuel injection, cylinder pressure sensors and more powerful control systems have become available in engines, HCCI has become more practical. HCCI doesn't work well under all operating conditions, but engineers are learning how to blend HCCI and normal spark ignition operation seamlessly. The guys at Popular Mechanics had a chance to visit the GM research lab where the HCCI engines are being developed. There is a good interview with Najt and some explanation of how the engines work in a video on their site.
Click on the image to view high-res shots of the Mercedes F700 concept
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition, or HCCI, holds out a great deal of hope for green automotive enthusiasts. Mercedes-Benz has shown concept vehicles using the technology, which they refer to as DiesOtto, in their F700 concept vehicle pictured above. Like diesels, HCCI engines eschew spark-plugs in favor of compression ignition. Unlike diesels, HCCI burns gasoline, which could make them a popular choice in countries like the U.S. where gasoline is more widely available than diesel (and, currently in most areas, cheaper). HCCI engines could potentially allow for the emissions levels of gasoline with the efficiency of diesel and could be cheaper to produce than a comparably-powered diesel engine.
Click on the image to view high-res shots of the Mercedes F700 concept
As part of an annual meeting held in Berlin, Daimler CEO Dieter Zetsche says that the company will increase its R&D spending to $21 billion for the year 2010. A major part of those expenses will go towards alternative powerplants. Hydrogen and lithium ion batteries will make up a good chunk of these charges, and Zetsche claims that Daimler has made "a major breakthrough in battery technology." Regarding the heat generated by lithium ion batteries, Zetsche adds, "Daimler has solved the problem. Thanks to the integration of the vehicle's cooling system, the batteries can now operate continually at optimal system temperatures. This maximizes their power output; extends their service life, and make it possible to use this high-performance technology in automotive applications. We've protected this innovation with 25 patents."
Mercedes-Benz will continue to offer large, powerful and luxurious vehicles in each of the market segments in which it competes. What's more, Dr. Z adds, the company "aims to offer at least one model in each of the Mercedes-Benz core model series that is a leader in fuel consumption." We're reminded of the F700 concept that the company recently introduced. We would add that DiesOtto, or HCCI engines, could make a dent in Mercedes' overall fuel consumption statistics.
Mercedes-Benz CEO Dieter Zetsche told Motor Trend this week that increased cost was not going to be an issue for his company to meet new fuel economy standards. Obviously getting improved efficiency out of powertrains would make them more expensive as they have to meet U.S. CAFE and European CO2 emissions limits. However, while U.S. executives like Bob Lutz are talking about adding $5,000 or more to the price to meet 35mpg standards, Zetsche looks at it differently. The use of clean diesels, HCCI DiesOtto engines, hybrids and fuel cells will raise prices. The higher initial purchase price will be offset for customers through reduced operating costs. According to Zetsche, if the cost premium can be recovered through fuel savings in the first 3-4 years of driving than customers will be satisfied. Mercedes also intends to protect their ten percent profit margins through increased efficiencies in other areas of the vehicle. That probably means that Mercedes owners will give up some features for improved efficiency. Of course for a premium brand like Mercedes, it's a lot easier to talk about protecting margins than it is for mainstream brands like GM and Ford. Being largely rid of the burden of Chrysler probably doesn't hurt either. Finally Zetsche says an S-Class diesel hybrid will debut in two years with DiesOtto engines about 3-5 years out.
Until electric cars and their associated technologies (motors, batteries, controllers etc.) become mainstream, the internal combustion engine will need to be further refined in order to meet upcoming fuel economy requirements and current emissions regulations -- while still producing the power that consumers have come to expect. HCCI is one technology currently being developed to make these goals possible, while direct injection and turbocharging are simply becoming quite common.
Ricardo has developed a new prototype engine called 2/4SIGHT which could give HCCI a run for its money. An engine equipped with this new system is capable of running on either the 2 or 4 stroke engine cycle, allowing their V6 test-bed to be downsized from 3.5 liters to 2.0 liters while making the same power output. This downsizing leads to a 27 percent reduction in fuel consumption and correspondingly lowered emissions.
Ricardo believes that their 2/4SIGHT technology will be cost effective and easy to package for vehicle use. A video of the test engine switching from 2 to 4 stroke can be seen here.
At their annual award ceremony, British magazine AutoCar singled out the Mercedes-Benz DiesOtto engine concept for recognition. The DiesOtto is a turbocharged homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine. It first appeared in the F700 concept at the Frankfurt Motor Show in September. HCCI runs essentially as a diesel engine under certain operating conditions but runs on gasoline and produces far fewer emissions than a diesel without expensive after-treatment systems. The 1.8L engine produces the power of a 3.5L V-6 while achieving 44.3mpg.
Toyota announced the new price for the 2008 Prius hybrid yesterday, and the long and short of it is that it's slightly more expensive than before. $150 more, to be exact. This is a change of 0.7 percent. Other Toyota models also got a "mid-year price adjustments," including the Yaris and the 2009 Camry Hybrid. The Yaris models cost $50 more (up 0.4 percent) and the Camry Hybrid will be $150 more (up 0.6 percent). The Prius and Yaris price increases kick in December 17th; the Camry won't be available until January 21st.
Price increases for the RAV4 and 2009 Camry are in the press release after the break.
At September's Frankfurt Motor Show Mercedes-Benz showed off an array of more efficient vehicles including diesels, HCCI and hybrids. Two of the new models are now rolling into Mercedes showrooms in Europe in the form of additions to the E-Class lineup. The new E300 Bluetec brings the latest urea-injected clean diesel technology to European drivers in a big sedan or wagon. The 211 hp V-6 yields over 31 mpg (US) on the EU combined driving cycle. Over on the gasoline-fueled side of the family, the E350 CGI is live action not computer generated imagery. The new second-generation direct injection system first appeared last year in the CLS 350 and now gives the E-Class an extra 15 hp while improving mileage to 27 mpg on the EU cycle, an improvement of ten percent.
While most of the major automakers are actively involved in developing HCCI engines, one prominent manufacturer is taking a wait and see attitude. Axel Rücker manager for Energy Integration Systems at BMW thinks that diesels still offer more potential for greater efficiency and lower emissions than HCCI. While General Motors has allowed us to drive HCCI prototypes and Mercedes-Benz showed a concept called the F700 at the recent Frankfurt Motor Show, BMW has not done any HCCI development yet. Ford and Honda are also both actively involved in working on HCCI as are many researchers at places like MIT and Purdue.
We've featured Orbital Corporation and their unique engine technologies before. It turns out that one of those technologies allows a four-stroke engine to run on multiple different fuels. Polaris, the manufacturer of snowmobiles, ATV's and Victory motorcycles is using this technology in their Patriot engine. This engine is designed to use military-grade JP8 fuel, but is also capable of running on regular diesel or even gasoline. The technology in use is reportedly similar to HCCI, but is apparently somewhat different. The fuel is directly injected into the combustion chamber along with a low-pressure stream of air. Orbital is calling the system air assisted direct injection. Orbital claims that an engine using their technology can reduce fuel consumption by 20 percent while still achieving Euro III emissions standards.
The Patriot engine is available in Polaris' MV800 ATV, which was developed for the military. The engine is 760ccs and produces 40 horsepower. Take a look at the press release after the break.
If you happen to listen to the AutoblogGreen podcast, you already know how we feel about the potential of HCCI engine technology. If you don't listen to our podcast, (first of all, why not?) you can learn about the new engine type in our entire category dedicated to HCCI. Being that this is a new technology, not much is filed away under that HCCI tag though, so you might be wondering what all of the fuss is about. If that's the case, consider heading over to GM's FYI blog where they have a primer on HCCI and the benefits that are possible with it. [Editor's note: let's not forget AutoblogGreen's own HCCI primer]
Here is a taste of what the technology can do for you: "With Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition, a variety of advanced engine technologies combine to allow for lower temperature fuel burning, which is more complete and more efficient and cuts vehicle emissions. It also cuts the amount of heat energy that is lost with traditional combustion. HCCI creates the same level of power as a traditional engine system, but it uses less fuel to create that power."
Interested now? You should be. Follow the progress that GM and the other automakers make on HCCI engines here at AutoblogGreen.
Better late than never, right? It's totally my fault that AutoblogGreen Podcast #12 is so late in coming, but here it is! Episode 12 is a Frankfurt recap show, and John Neff from Autoblog.com joins Sebastian and Sam to talk about some of the highlights of the dual-personality (green and not so green) Frankfurt Motor Show. There's lots of discussion about the coming E-Flex versus Hybrid Synergy Drive smackdown, the 17 new models coming from Mercedes by 2010, many of them diesels, the Volvo C30 Efficiency kicks off discussion about plucking the low-hanging efficiency fruit, and the 'cast wraps up with further punditry about Diesel regs in the US versus the EU. It's a wide-ranging discussion clocking in at 41 minutes, enjoy!
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Last week in Frankfurt, Mercedes-Benz showed off a flurry of alternative fuel and drive vehicles of various types. Of the eighteen vehicles shown, seventeen of them will be in production by 2010 with at least a half dozen of those coming to the US market. The only one that won't hit the streets by the end of the decade is the HCCI engined F700 concept. All the rest of the assorted micro, mild and Two-Mode hybrids and diesels will be on sale by then.
The Two-Mode hybrid ML450 and mild hybrid S400 will be on the market in the US in 2009. In addition, fifty-state legal ML, GL and R-Class models with BlueTec diesels will be available here in 2008. The next generation of the E-Class with the Tier 2 Bin 5 diesel will be here by 2010. Mercedes will also be evaluating US sales of the micro-hybrid Smart ForTwo and US Smart distributor Roger Penske would also like to see the electric version of the Smart brought over. Smart currently has a 100-car test fleet of battery-powered Smarts running in Britain.
Man, what a show. We've written about 80 posts about the Frankfurt Motor Show so far, which goes to show that the organizer's theme of sustainability mobility was not just something thrown together at the last minute. The automakers brought the goods to this show, whether it was in concept or ready-for-production form. Thanks to today's insane hoopla surrounding the debuts, though, it was easy to get overwhelmed by the offerings. Heck, earlier today we were posting every 20 minutes or so. I hope many of you enjoyed hitting the refresh button for the latest details, but I know not all of you have that luxury. To meet everyone's needs, here's a recap of every singe car at the Frankfurt Motor Show that we've written about to date. To give you some comparisons, I'm including pictures of each car, along with mpg and CO2 emissions numbers where we know them, and links to individual posts where you can digest more information about these fine examples of sustainable mobility. Here are the vehicles included in this round-up:
At the Frankfurt Motor Show, Mercedes-Benz has taken the wraps off their F700 concept featuring their DiesOtto engine. Like the engine recently demonstrated by General Motors, this one is a combination HCCI/spark ignition design. However, Mercedes has decided to add turbo-charging to the mix to provide a a 1.8L four cylinder that yields performance in this large sedan that's comparable to the 3.5L V-6 in the current S-Class with average fuel economy of 44.3 mpg. The carbon dioxide emissions of the F700 are only 127 g/km which would put it below the proposed EU limit of 130 g/km.
This new engine technology is wrapped in a full-sized luxury sedan that takes the look of the current S-Class to a whole new level. Short overhangs are combined with a low nose that appears to have no bumper. The body is supported on an electro-hydraulic active suspension system that uses front mounted lasers to scan the road surface and make adjustments proactively. The press release is after the jump.
Better late than never, right? It's totally my fault that AutoblogGreen Podcast #12 is so late in coming, but here it is! Episode 12 is a Frankfurt recap show, and John Neff from Autoblog.com joins Sebastian and Sam to talk about some of the highlights of the dual-personality (green and not so green) Frankfurt Motor Show. There's lots of discussion about the coming E-Flex versus Hybrid Synergy Drive smackdown, the 17 new models coming from Mercedes by 2010, many of them diesels, the Volvo C30 Efficiency kicks off discussion about plucking the low-hanging efficiency fruit, and the 'cast wraps up with further punditry about Diesel regs in the US versus the EU. It's a wide-ranging discussion clocking in at 41 minutes, enjoy!
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